A clinical study was carried out to evaluate the microbial status of 30 infected root canals after irrigation with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite. Although sodium hypochlorite at any concentration was found to be effective in reducing the microbial flora of the root canal, the higher concentration was proved to have superior performance in this study.

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Clinicians use vehicles like distilled water, normal saline, camphorated mono-chloro-phenol or local anesthetic solution to constitute non setting calcium hydroxide paste at the chair side for intra canal application. The desired therapeutic effect of such a paste can be influenced by the vehicle used. The present study attempts to evaluate the antibacterial activity of calcium hydroxide pastes prepared using two chemicals, namely propylene glycol and glycerine which are being recommended as vehicles for routine use. The antibacterial activity of these pastes were tested against five anaerobic organisms that can commonly occur in the infected root canal, and compared with that of pastes prepared from two commonly used vehicles, distilled water and camphorated mono-chloro-phenol. The results of the study found that the experimental vehicles did not adversely effect the antibacterial qualities, but appeared to enhance and sustain it for a longer period of time. Propylene glycol being a biologically acceptable vehicle can be used preferentially over glycerine as a vehicle for routine use.

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Non setting calcium hydroxide pastes are commonly used in endodontic practice. The desired therapeutic effect of such a paste is influenced by the vehicle used to make the paste. This investigation attempts to evaluate and compare the antibacterial action of calcium hydroxide pastes prepared with two conventionally used vehicles, namely, comphorated monochlorophenol and distilled water and also an experimental vehicle, propylene glycol. The results of this study indicate that a paste of calcium hydroxide made with propylene glycol exerts significant antibacterial action. Hence it can be considered for use as an intracanal medicament in preference to a paste prepared with a tissue toxic phenolic compound like comphorated monochlorophenol.

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This study compared the efficacy of four irrigation systems by a radiographic method in 30 curved mesial canals of mandibular molars. The four systems were Monoject system, anesthetic system, No. 15 k-file and combination of 5.25% of sodium hypochlorite and 3% hydrogen peroxide. The results showed that the Monoject system with a side slit blunt needle and thinner gauge was more effective than the other three systems in removing the dentinal debris from narrow canals.

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In the present study, 50 extracted permanent premolars were selected. The instruments used for root canal preparation were stainless steel K-file, Nickel-titanium K-File, ultrasonic instrument and Nd:Yag laser. 2.6% sodium hypochlorite solution was used as an irrigating solution. After canal preparation, teeth were sectioned along the long axis and scanning electron microscopic evaluation was done to study the effectiveness of various endodontic instruments at three different levels ie.e. cervical, middle and apical. It was found that Nd: Yag laser was the best among the four instruments used. In the middle and apical region, nickel-titanium file was found to be more effective than ultrasonics and stainless steel file. In the cervical region, stainless steel K-file was found to be better than Ni-Ti files and ultrasonics.

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