The pulp chamber anatomy has been very perplexing even for the well-trained endodontist. The purpose of this study was to formulate certain laws based on observation of pulp chamber floor and walls for effective treatment. Methodology: Fifty extracted molars were sectioned at CEJ, observed under stereomicroscope, measurements were made and statistically analyzed for 1. Law of Centrality. 2.Law of Concentricity. 3. Law of CEJ. 4. Law of Symmetry 1. 5. Law of Symmetry 2. 6. Law of Color change. 7. Law of Orifice location 1. 8. Law of Orifice location 2. 9. Law of Orifice location 3. Results: No matter how anatomic crown of the tooth be, the access cavity if prepared according to these laws, there are better chances of an accurate determination of the correct location and position of root canals. Clinical Significance: Failures in Endodontics are inevitable but surely avoidable if these nine laws are followed.

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The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the apical microleakage observed in teeth obturated with gutta purcha and three different epoxy resin based root canal sealer using lateral condensation method. In this study 40 freshly extracted maxillary central incisors with straight. Root canals were used. Teeth were prepared using gates glidden drill and stainless -steel. hand K files. After preparation teeth were divided into three different groups for obturation according to sealers used, Group A - AH 26. Group. B - AH Plus. Group C - RC Seal. The obturated specimens were then stored in 5% Methylene blue dye (pH 7.0) at 3°c for seven days. The amount of leakage was measured under a stereomicroscope. It was seen that Group C had shown higher microleakage than Group A and Group B.

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Orthodontic extrusion may be the suitable approach without risking the esthetic appearance in crown fracture below the gingival attachment or alveolar bone crest. Extrusion of such teeth allows elevating the fracture line above the epithelial attachment making preparation of proper finishing margins possible. This case describes a multidisciplinary approach using the orthodontic extrusion facilitating the permanent restoration of a fractured upper permanent maxillary incisor.

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Case report describes a radiographic follow-up of healing of external inflammatory root resorption on a permanent maxillary left central incisor following avulsion and replantation using Vitapex®. Since more than 20 % of root surface was resorbed the healing occurred in the form of replacement resorption. The most important factor influencing the prognosis of replanted teeth is the status of periodontal ligament cells. Thus the treatment should aim at minimizing the extra-oral dry time, storage of avulsed tooth in a suitable medium, physiologic splinting for a period of 7-10 days and early endodontic therapy. Although there is no treatment for replacement resorption, it is worth an effort to try slow down the resorption process and maintain the tooth as long as possible in the arch for esthetics, functional and psychological reasons.

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Cracked tooth syndrome is a very common and well documented condition. Many morphologic, physical and iatrogenic factors predispose posterior teeth to an incomplete fracture. Diagnosis is a difficult task because the patient often presents with bizarre symptoms. Epidemiologic data revealed that splits or fractures are the third most common cause of tooth loss, indicating the high clinical significance of this syndrome. These case reports describe the treatment of patients presenting with variable complaints of pain associated with biting and sensitivity of teeth. Clinical examination revealed teeth with crack lines and associated pulpal inflammation. The teeth were splinted, root canal treated and restored. The patient’s responded well. The prognosis of teeth with cracks depends on the location and extent of the crack. Early recognition and treatment is the key to proper management.

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Sudden tooth loss in the esthetic zone of the anterior region can be due to trauma, periodontal disease or endodontic failure. Replacement can be provisional, semi-provisional or permanent in nature. Depending on multiple factors, a treatment module is decided upon by the dentist and patient. The start of the definitive treatment depends on many factors and thus may require short to long temporization times. Final restorations can vary between removable prosthesis, tooth-supported prosthesis or implant-supported prosthesis. Irrespective of the final treatment, the first line of treatment would be to provisionally restore the patient’s esthetic appearance while functionally stabilizing the compromised arch.

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The aim of this study was to measure the microhardness of root dentin after instrumentation with different file types and using irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Study Design of root denture 45 roots : root canal of 10 roots were irrigated only, root canal of 10 roots were instrumented with stainless steel files, root canal of 10 roots were instrumented with rotary nickel titanium files. Root canal of 10 roots were instrumented with nickel titanium K-files. Additionally, five roots pulp was extirpated only, without irrigation and served as control. The roots were sliced and root dentin microhardness was determined at distance of 500 mm and 1000 mm from the pulp dentin interface. Results: Significant difference were found between the microhardness at 500 mm and 1000 mm (P<0.001) in all groups. Instrumentation with Nickel titanium rotary files affected dentin microhardness significantly to a lesser extent when compared to stainless steel K files and Nickel titanium K-File. Conclusion: It was concluded that instrumentation and irrigation with NaOCl changes the biomechanical properties of dentin.

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Tooth resorption is a perplexing problem for all the dental practitioners. The etiologic factors are vague, diagnoses are educated guesses and often the chosen treatment does not prevent the rapid disappearance of the calcified dental tissues. This becomes all the more confusing if the tooth in question is a pulpally involved young permanent tooth. Presented in this report is a case of an upper first young permanent molar that has undergone complete root resorption, following root canal therapy and obturation.

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Full text not available  [PDF]