Aim : To compare the additive effect of Dentin powder on antibacterial properties of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods : The antimicrobial effectiveness of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate against a standard strain and an isolated strain of Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated in vitro. Fresh MTA powder, powder from crushed set materials and pieces of uncrushed set cements were suspended in autoclaved water at different concentrations for direct exposure testing. The antimicrobial effect of the cements mixed with equal amounts of human dentin powder and liquid in 1.5:1.5:1 was also tested. Results and Observations : The addition of equal amounts of dentin powder to the suspension of MTA powder (both fresh and set) resulted in faster elimination of the bacteria (p < 0.05) in standard strain. Similar inhibitory potential was observed in an isolated strain from a case of apical periodontitis which are expected to be more resistant than standard strain when higher concentration of mix was used. Conclusion : Addition of dentin powder to mineral trioxide aggregate significantly increased its antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis.

Background and Objectives: The objective of thisstudy was to compare the efficacy of four different obturation techniques in obturating artificially created internal resorptive lesions. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted,human maxillary central incisor teeth were collected for the study. Access cavity was prepared in each tooth. The teeth were instrumented to apical size 50. The roots were sectioned horizontally 7 mm from the apex. Semicircular cavities were created using a No 6 round diamond bur. The sections were joined together using cyanocrylate glue. The teeth were radiographed to visualize the internal resorption cavity. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups of ten teeth each as follows Group I:Lateral condensation. Group II :Obtura II. Group III: System B. Group IV:Thermafil. After obturation, they were stored at room temperature for 7 days. The specimens were then removed from the plaster cast, each tooth was sectioned. The teeth were photographed under a stereomicroscope. The photographs were transferred to a computer and an image analysis program was be used to calculate the percentage of sealer, gutta percha and voids. The results were evaluated statistically by usingOne way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test. Results: The Obtura II group showed significantly more gutta percha in the internal resorptive lesions as compared to the other systems with significantly less amount of sealer and voids.

Aim: To analyse ex vivo the integrity of the apical seal of Resilon root fillings following immediate post space preparation or after 1 week when leaving either 5 mm or 3 mm of remaining filling material. Methodology: One hundred and fifty freshly extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single, straight root canals were used. Teeth were autoclaved and cleaned of debris and soft tissue. After decoronation at 16 mmlength, the root canals were instrumented using the K3 rotary system to apical file size 45, 0.04 taper with intermittent irrigation using 1% sodium hypochlorite. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups with 30 teeth in each group. Group 1: control group in which the root canals were not filled. Group 2: the canals were filled with Resilon and a post space prepared immediately leaving 5 mm of apical filling. Group 3: the canals were filled and post space preparation delayed for 1 week leaving 5 mm of material apically. Group 4: post space preparation in the canals was initiated immediately after filling leaving 3 mm of material apically. Group 5: the root canals were filled and post space preparation was delayed for 1 week leaving 3 mm of material apically. Microleakage was evaluated using a fluid transport device. The results were analysed statistically using one-way anova. Results: There was a highly significant difference amongst the groups (P < 0.001). The maximum mean leakage was observed in group 5 and the least microleakage in group 2. Conclusion: Immediate post space preparation was associated with less microleakage than delayed preparation when both 5 mm and 3 mm of apical filling remained. Leaving 5 mm of Resilon provided a significantly better seal compared to leaving 3 mm of material.

Objectives: To compare and evaluate the effect of spreader size on the fracture resistance of maxillary incisors during cold lateral condensation of gutta-percha. Study design: Fifty maxillary central incisors were divided into 5 groups- in Group 1 no canal preparation or obturation was performed; in Group 2 canals were only prepared but not obturated; in Group 3, 4 and 5 canals were prepared followed by obturation using initial spreader of #40, #35 and #25, respectively. The peak load to fracture was recorded using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed using Analysis of variance and Bonferroni test. Results: The mean fracture resistance of teeth obturated using #25 initial spreader was similar to that of intact teeth and significantly higher than the teeth obturated using larger initial spreader sizes. Conclusion: The size of initial spreader affects the fracture resistance of teeth.

Aim : To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Cinnamon and Garlic as endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis with comparison of 5.25% NaOCl and 2% CHX. Methodology : Fifty freshly extracted intact human mandibular premolars were biomechanically prepared and stored in normal saline until autoclaving. The specimens were inoculated with E.faecalis suspension and incubated for 21 days. Five groups(n = 10) were treated with the respective irrigating solutions for 5 minutes. Dentinal shavings collected using H files and total number of CFU were determined. Results : 5.25% NaOCl and 2% CHX showed complete inhibition in all the samples. Complete inhibition was observed in 2 samples of Garlic and 1 sample of Cinnamon. Saline showed innumerable colonies in the same dilution. Conclusion : 5.25% NaOCl and 2% CHX showed complete inhibition where as Cinnamon and Garlic showed inhibition which suggest that they have an antimicrobial action but not up to the extent of NaOCl and CHX.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of the ProTaper and K3 Ni-Ti rotary instruments with and without F-file, regarding smear layer removal. Methodology: 60 extracted single rooted human mandibular premolar teeth were divided into two groups of 30 teeth each (group A and B). Both the groups were divided into two subgroups of 15 teeth each (group A had subgroups A1 and A2) and (group B had subgroups B1 and B2). In group A, all the 30 canals were subjected to cleaning and shaping with two different rotary system and kept unfinished. This group was named as unfinished group. In group B, all the 30 canals were subjected to cleaning and shaping with two different rotary system followed by finishing with plastic files. This group was named as finished group. The crown of each tooth was sectioned at the cement-enamel junction. Canals were prepared following conventional crown-down technique. After splitting the roots longitudinally, the dentinal smear layer of each root canal was evaluated in three areas (coronal, middle and apical thirds of the root) by means of numerical evaluation scale scoring system, using scanning electron microscope. Results:The statistical analysis was done using Mann-Whitney U-test and showed that there was better smear layer removal in finished group as compared to unfinished group in all the thirds of the root canal. Conclusion: After instrumentation with different rotary system, the use of plastic finishing files showed cleaner canal walls.

Objectives: Endodontic retreatment is a procedure performed on a tooth that has received prior attempted definitive treatment. However when endodontic retreatment is performed, irritants in the form of filling materials, necrotic pulp tissue, bacteria or irrigants might extrude through the apical foramen resulting in post-operative inflammation and flare-up. The objective of this in vitro study was to quantitatively evaluate the amount of debris extruded beyond the apical foramen during endodontic retreatment using two techniques: ProTaper system and Traditional hand filing / solvent technique.

Aim: To report the diagnosis, endodontic and esthetic management of a case of fused maxillary lateral and malformed central incisor. Summary: Fusion is a rare occurrence and its definite diagnosis is of prime importance for successful root canal treatment. This case report discusses the endodontic and esthetic management of a fused maxillary lateral incisor with a supernumerary tooth which looked like a premolar tooth at first sight. The patient had a malformed central incisor which also required root canal treatment. Surgical endodontic treatment was performed on both teeth followed by post endodontic esthetic restoration. The patient remained symptom free and there was a reduction in the size of periapical radiolucency after 1 year. The anomaly was treated successfully by reshaping the maxillary right central and lateral incisors.

Traumatic injuries of teeth are the main cause of emergency treatment in dental practice. Horizontal root fractures are more frequently observed in the maxillary anterior region and young male patients. The most common type of root fracture is in the middle third, followed by apical, and coronal part. This case report describes treatment of single horizontal root fracture in maxillary left central incisor by surgically removing the fractured fragment of the root followed by retrograde filling with MTA.

The aim of this article is to present two rare case reports of successful non surgical endodontic management of permanent maxillary second molar fused with a paramolar. In the present cases, we have used spiral computed tomography for better understanding of the complicated external and internal morphology of the fused tooth and successful nonsurgical endodontic management was done.

A major anatomical variant of the two rooted mandibular first molar is a tooth with an additional distolingual root: Radix Entomolaris. The prevalence of these three rooted mandibular first molars ranges from less than 3% in African populations, to over 30% in populations with Mongolian traits. General dentists and other specialists should have awareness and understanding of this unusual root and its root canal morphology can contribute to the successful outcome of root canal treatment. This report discusses endodontic management of three cases of mandibular molars with a Radix Entomolaris which is a rare macrostructure and demands an adapted clinical approach to its diagnosis and treatment. Three such cases representing each type of Radix Entomolaris are presented in this report.

Management of crown-root fractures presents a formidable challenge for clinicians because of the difficulty in achieving a stable union of the fractured fragments. Root fractures in permanent teeth are uncommon injuries among dental traumas accounting for 0.5-0.7% of the cases. These case reports describe the various clinical presentations of horizontal crown-root fractures and the different treatment modalities that we as clinicians can offer to these patients. An attempt to treat these horizontal oblique fractures at various levels with these different diagnostic and treatment approaches has been solicited. Stabilization of these fractures was achieved by intra-radicular splinting and MTA as well as re-attachment of the fractured fragments. Short term follow up results showed successful management of these cases using the treatment modalities mentioned above.

Tooth retention has increased significantly in older individuals, and dentists are now challenged to preserve the strategic teeth. There will be a need to consider the endodontic therapy, and this paper describes how successful endodontics can be provided for elderly patients. Strategic treatment planning is essential, and preservation of key teeth will facilitate the satisfactory oral function for elderly patients. These teeth may be important in achieving and maintaining an intact anterior dental arch, for removable partial denture retention or preservation of alveolar bone. Elimination of infection can be challenging in narrow canals, and a systematic approach in improving access into and negotiating these canals is outlined.

Coronal fractures of permanent dentition are the most common type of dental injury. If the original tooth fragment is available following fracture, the natural tooth structures can be reattached using adhesive protocols. The development and use of fiber-reinforced composite root canal posts make possible the reattachment of the crown esthetically and reinforce the bonding of teeth fragments to the remaining natural teeth. Root fracture is one of the consequences of dental trauma. Horizontal root fractures are unfortunate accidents that most of the times affect the maxillary central incisors mainly in the middle third of the root nevertheless apical and coronal third fractures are also sometimes reported. A single fracture occurs in most cases and multiple root fracture is a rare finding. This case report presents a clinical technique of reattachment of coronal fragment of maxillary lateral incisor after trauma using direct fiber-reinforced post systems and simultaneously management of the fracture in the middle third of the root using fibre post as a intraradicular splint. Healing was observed at 1 year follow-up examination.

What is a glide path? Does it help in root canal procedure? Glide-path is a smooth radicular tunnel from canal orifice to physiologic terminus (foraminal constriction). Its minimal size should be a “super loose No. 10” endodontic file. The Glidepath must be discovered if already present in the endodontic anatomy or prepared if it is not present. Glide path creation is essential for prevention of rotary file separation and most effective rotary use. Creating an.02 tapered glide path is critical for the safe and effective use of nickel-titanium rotary shaping instruments. Glidepath can be further described as a manual glide path created with handfiles, or a mechanical glide path created with rotary files. Routine glide path establishment and enlargement with glide path files can increase the lifespan of rotary instruments with a reduced risk of instrument fracture. Aim is to provide information about glide path with which we can maintain the original canal anatomy with less modification of canal curvature and fewer canal aberrations.