Apicoectomies with retrograde instrumentation and retrofilling with low temperature thermoplasticized gutta-percha were performed in 29 teeth. Nineteen cases were clinically and radiographically evaluated within 12 to 41 months. The results showed a rate of 84.2% success, 10.5% failure and 5.2% incomplete healing. The use of retrograde instrumentation and retrofilling with low temperature thermoplasticized gutta-percha is suggested as a useful method in surgical procedures.

Sealing ability of a dentin bonding agent Scotchbond, used as a root-canal sealant, was tested and compared with a control group without a sealant, by dye penetration and SEM study. In both the groups, gutta percha filling by lateral condensation was given. It was seen that at 1 day, the leakage was equivalent in both the groups but at 7th day, the leakage had decreased significantly in experimental group (mean dye penetration 1.06) compared to the control group (mean dye penetration 11.64). On SEM study, close adaptation between gutta percha cones and canal walls was seen in the experimental group but in the control group, distinct voids between the canal walls and filling were found.

The importance of access cavity prepaiation in the success of endodontic treatment cannot be overemphasized. Orthograde obturation of a root canal that apparently looks calcified in the radiograph is a challenge to the operator. Proper knowledge of the tooth anatomy and very careful orientation of the bur are essential to uncover the remnant of a canal. Two case reports, where previous unsuccessful attempts to locate the root canals were made, are presented. In both the cases, the apical direction of the access cavity preparation was at fault. A carefully directed long shank round carbide bur uncovered the calcified orifices and the canals were negotiated with the use of thin root-canal instruments moistened with an E.D.T.A. preparation.

It is known that endodontically treated tooth is more susceptible to fracture than a vital tooth. Hence its restoration for .optimum function and esthetics is a challenge. Many different techniques and materials have been used from time to time in an attempt to improve their resistance to fracture. Use of a post in restoration of such teeth is controversial. However, when there is lack of adequate remaining tooth structure, it can provide retention to the chosen restorative material. In this study, three restorative materials high copper silver amalgam, a hybrid, self cured posterior composite resin and a glass ionomer with silver alloy particles were evaluated for their comparative resistance to fracture, when subjected to loading simulating occlusal load, employing core buildup with and without a post.

A case of dense-invaginatus (Type 3) with extra-oral sinus was observed and managed by endodontic surgery. The result was satisfactory leading to the healing of the sinus.